Everything about The Office Of Price Administration totally explained
The
Office of Price Administration (
OPA) was established within the
Office for Emergency Management of the
United States Government by
Executive Order 8875 on
August 28,
1941. The functions of the OPA were originally to stabilize prices (
price controls) and rents after the outbreak of
World War II.
President
Franklin D. Roosevelt revived the Advisory Commission to World War I Council on National Defense on
May 29,
1940 to include Price Stabilization and Consumer Protection Divisions. Both divisions merged to become the
Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (
OPACS) within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 8734,
April 11,
1941. Civil supply functions were transferred to the
Office of Production Management.
It became an independent agency under the
Emergency Price Control Act,
January 30,
1942. The OPA had the power to place ceilings on all prices except agricultural
commodities, and to ration scarce supplies of other items, including tires, automobiles, shoes, nylon, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats and processed foods. At the peak, almost 90% of retail food prices were frozen. It could also authorize subsidies for production of some of those commodities.
Most functions of the OPA were transferred to the to newly established
Office of Temporary Controls (OTC) by Executive Order 9809,
December 12,
1946. The Financial Reporting Division was transferred to the
Federal Trade Commission.
The OPA was abolished effective
May 29 1947 by the General Liquidation Order issued
March 14,
1947, by the OPA Administrator. Some of its functions were taken up by successor agencies:
- Sugar and sugar products distribution by the Sugar Rationing Administration in the Department of Agriculture pursuant to the Sugar Control Extension Act (61 Stat. 36), March 31, 1947
- Price controls over rice by the Department of Agriculture by Executive Order 9841, on April 23, 1947, effective May 4, 1947
- Food subsidies by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, effective May 4, 1947
- Rent control by the Office of the Housing Expediter, effective May 4, 1947
- Price violation litigation by the Department of Justice, effective June 1, 1947
- All other OPA functions by the Division of Liquidation, Department of Commerce, effective June 1, 1947
During the
Korean War, similar functions were performed by the
Office of Price Stabilization (OPS).
Famous employees include
economist John Kenneth Galbraith and
legal scholar William Prosser.
Administrators of the office
Leon Henderson, 1941-1942
Prentiss Marsh Brown, 1943
Chester Bliss Bowles, 1943-1946Further Information
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